Marketing of Haagen Dazs Essay

ew York City, but soon distribution expanded throughout the east coast of the U. S. , and by 1973 Haagen-Dazs products were enjoyed by discerning customers throughout the United States. n 1976, Mr. Mattus’ daughter Doris opened the first Haagen-Dazs ® Shop. it was an immediate success, and its popularity led to a rapid expansion of Haagen-Dazs ® Shops across the country. in 1983 Mr. Mattus agreed to sell the Haagen-Dazs brand to The Pillsbury Company, which remained committed to the tradition of superior quality and innovation on which Haagen-Dazs ice cream was founded. since then, it has become a global phenomenon, available in 50 countries. the same careful attention to quality that Reuben Mattus built into every Haagen-Dazs product remains today. ce cream lovers the world over now recognize the unique Haagen-Dazs logo as synonymous with the ultimate super-premium ice cream. from the beginning, Haagen-Dazs ice cream has sought to innovate and bring new frozen dessert exp eriences to its customers, including distinctive flavors such as vanilla swiss almond, butter pecan, and dulce de leche, to name just a few. Haagen-Dazs was also the first to introduce the world to ice cream bars for a grown-up palate, with the introduction of the Haagen-Dazs brand ice cream bar line in 1986. other super-premium innovations followed, with frozen yogurt in 1991 and sorbet in 1993. o this day, the Haagen-Dazs brand remains committed to developing exceptional new super-premium frozen dessert experiences, releasing new flavors every year. Origin of brand name Mattus invented the â€Å"Danish-sounding† â€Å"Haagen-Dazs† as a tribute to Denmark’s exemplary treatment of its Jews during the Second World War, and included an outline map of Denmark on early labels. The name, however, is not Danish, which has neither an umlaut nor a digraph zs; nor does it have any meaning in any language or etymology before its creation. Mattus felt that Denmark was known for its dairy products and had a positive image in the U.

What is the role of hedge funds in the financial market

There has been rapid growth in the number of edge funds and their assets under management, suggesting they provide economic value to investors that is not available in other investment instruments. Their main aim is to reduce risk and volatility whilst attempting to preserve capital and deliver positive returns under all market conditions. They used a range of aggressive methods to invest in a wide array of assets to generate returns which have a very low correlation with traditional asset classes, creating a diversifying effect on a portfolio.This means they get a constant level of return, regardless of what the market does. Hedge funds tend to be illiquid as investors are limited in terms of when and how much money they are able to take out, therefore they are long term propositions. Originally, hedge funds were not subject to the public disclosure or regulatory reporting requirements that apply to other financial institutions, thus they had little or no regulatory oversight. But s ince the financial crisis, more regulations have been introduced, such as reporting under AIFMD; The Alternative Investment Funds Managers Directive.Also, from February 2014, they will have to report under Emir. Policy director in the BBA's Capital Market and Infrastructure division, Andrew Rogan, recently said â€Å"If [funds] don't comply with Emir, there are real consequences to how a business can use derivatives to protect itself from risk†¦ and you may even be shut out of the market completely. † The purpose of regulation is to protect investors. Although an element of secrecy between funds is kept in order to keep investment strategies to themselves, they can't do whatever they like with other peoples' money, so regulation had to be introduced.Markets function best when investors use ifferent information and strategies to manage, or hedge against, risk. Private investment companies provide valuable liquidity to financial markets in normal market conditions. In â₠¬Å"Hands Off Hedge Funds†, Sebastian Mallaby states that â€Å"by buying irrationally cheap assets and selling irrationally expensive ones, they shift market prices until the irrationalities disappear, thus ultimately facilitating the efficient allocation of the world's capital. † (Mallaby, 2007). Consequently, hedge funds can be less volatile than individual stocks or mutual funds.With the freedom to nvest wherever the managers believe they can perform better than the market, hedge funds broaden the use of investment strategies, increasing the number of investors, and enlarging the capital pools available and strengthening capital markets. Through flexibility, they are able to trade different securities in several markets at once, so opportunities for returns are maximised, improving risk management and encouraging innovation ot strategies, as well as financial products and services.There is also a competitive advantage as hedge funds attract human nd financial capital , contributing to a stronger economy. They can act as an incentive for businesses and individuals to invest because they offer the chance for money to be invested in a range of products, free from fraud and over-regulation, and increases in investment can influence economic growth and stability. Hedge funds also improve the efficiency of capital markets by helping to price securities more accurately. This minimizes market distortions, which in turn leads to better allocation of capital, financing growth, innovation and Job creation.Short selling, for example, may be a technique used by hedge funds and is sometimes seen as playing an essential part of the price discovery mechanism. Some researchers believe short interest is an indicator of poor stock performance, and that short sellers exploit market mistakes. Hedge funds have many different benefits such as diversification, flexibility and liquidity, but to the larger financial system they can provide innovation, reduction of mispri cing, gains in both growth and employment, and the provision of capital for technological and economic development.

SYSTEM MANAGEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

SYSTEM MANAGEMENT - Essay Example However, every technology implementation requires extensive IT skills, education and training. This paper covers the analysis of different aspects of the information requirements and management decision-making at different organizational levels that require education and training. In this scenario this research will present a detailed analysis of different features of information requirements and management decision-making business systems implementation regarding education and training. Society is going toward the new era where the future fundamentally will be determined through peoples capability to intelligently utilize knowledge, a valuable global resource that is the personification of human intellectual technology and capital. Since, the new knowledge-based business and economy offer a great deal facilities for the distribution, utilization of information and knowledge, and its creation. Thus, in this latest economy, companies and individuals are required to pay attention on the ways that can be used to enhance and maintain their knowledge capital to bring innovation since the capability to adapt, learn, and change has turned out to be a core competency to survive in the marketplace (Psarras, 2007) and (Sunassee & Sewry, 2003). Psarras (2006) stated that it is apparent that in the latest knowledge-based financial system the need for training and education will increase. However, to effectively manage the economic system, new information technology offers the t ransformation in companies and individuals that will best attain their educational objectives as well as best satisfy the demand for business knowledge (Psarras, 2007). This paper presents a detailed analysis of the information requirements and management decision-making at different levels within the education and training sector. Martins (2007) outlined that in last decade business and corporate knowledge management (KM) have started to come out as an area of interest in business,

Computer applications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Computer applications - Essay Example The use of computerized physician order entry will make it able for comparison of orders against recommended standards while also conducting a background check on other patient’s health conditions like allergies and the various conditions that could arise from the use of the medication. The four methods for ensuring physical security of health information include having facility access controls, regulating workstation use, workstation security and device and media controls. Facility access controls includes the policies and the procedures limiting physical access to information systems and the facilities an entity houses its electronic information systems and only allowing properly authorized access. Workstation use involves putting in place standards that specify the proper functions to be performed the electronic devices of the entity which might include laptops or desktop computers which should ensure that inappropriate use is not allowed to limit instances of risks like virus attacks. Workstation security on the other hand deals with physical protection from unauthorized users by restriction of physical access to workstations through the use of secured locations with access for only authorized personnel. Device and media controls regulates the receipt and the r emoval of hardware and electronic media within and without the facility and general handling of protected health information. Some of the strengths of potential of future technologies as described in the video The Future of Healthcare: Artificial Intelligence & Clinical Support System include the ability of the medical artificial intelligence to perform diagnosis while also having the capabilities of making therapy recommendations. Additionally, artificial intelligence programs are synchronized with symbolic models of disease entities with their relationship to different patient factors and clinical manifestations which improves the accuracy of the

Leadership and Direction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Leadership and Direction - Essay Example These answers will provide the members of the team with added information that can be used in the decision making process. When performing brainstorming sessions that lead to lots of questions being asked one of the team members should serve the role of secretary to take notes about the topics been discussed in the meeting. The secretary should also record the entire meeting in order to document the meeting and the questions that were discussed during brainstorming. There are different types of questions that must be asked to ensure a project is appropriate for the organization. Some of the first questions that must be discussed are regarding the content and scope of the project. Is the project aligned with the organization’s mission and goals? A second very important concern is the finances of the project. Does the company have sufficient funds to undertake the project? The company must ask itself whether the firm has sufficient human resources available for the project. The firm must also ask itself if there is a need for the recruitment of new personnel for the project. During the planning phase two questions that must be asked are: The leader will know if the right questions were asked for the project based on the collective input of the entire team staff. Once the team concludes its brainstorming and question asking the leader must document the data and ask for a second opinion from other managers of the company including the general manger, controller, marketing president, COO, and CFO, and CEO of the firm. These members of the executive management team have vast knowledge about how to run a team project efficiently. Their input will validate whether the project manager performed his job adequately in regards to gathering the information necessary to proceed with the project. The project manager should discuss the meeting he or she had with the executive management team with the rest of the

Immigrant Communities and the Trajectories of Othering Essay

Immigrant Communities and the Trajectories of Othering - Essay Example According to another of my writing pieces, the Social Security Administration affirms the illegal immigrants benefit American society. The immigrants pay taxes. The employers automatically withhold the taxes from the illegal immigrants. Lastly, the illegal immigrants buy U.S. goods and services. Accordingly, my other writing piece states the Hmong farmer ethnic race suffers from immigration hardships. Laos’ war-expelled Hmong people travelled around the world. The people suffer from not having a legitimate country. The U.S. immigration law favors the Hmong people (Yang 271). According to my other writing piece, immigrants do their best to be accepted by the U.S. society. The constitution protects the non-citizens. The dominant American population needs cheap labor. The constitution understands’ the plight of immigrants trying to escape from their home country’s life-threatening society, while sending money back home to their families (Mummert 7). According to my other writing piece, immigrants continue facing challenges trying to fit into American society. Immigrants try to be accepted by the new country’s residents. Oppression forces the immigrants to necessarily comply with the American society’s standards. The immigrants’ are forced to accept low wages. According to student Anna Sepeda’s research, othering includes affirming gender discrimination and race discrimination are realistically prevalent over the immigrant population. Sepeda correctly indicates immigrants usually start on the same footing (Mcintosh 91). Sepeda admits immigrants go through unbearable racial and gender discrimination in the new home. The immigration border patrol exercises selective race and gender discrimination. According to student Jake Helmandollar’s research, our nations’ immigration policies are tainted with racial and class issues (Clayton 261). Helmandollar affirms that the

Reactivity of M-C bonds and catalytiv formation of heterocycles Essay

Reactivity of M-C bonds and catalytiv formation of heterocycles - Essay Example The second key element is the CH activation process and this process usually helps in electrophilic metal and acetate activation. The activation is achieved through combination of deprotonation as well as acetate which is an intramolecular base. Currently, close to 95% of all phenyl group activation relies on CH activation (Anastas & Warner, 1998). Current studies have showed the ease of activation of different types of CH bonds and some of these bonds are NH or NR types. This type of bond falls in type 1 of the heterocycles ligands and the second type is the vinyl group. This group is characterized by the formation of rings such as M ring which at times is an equivalent of p-cymene. The vinyl group which is type 2 of the heterocycles in ligands is able to react with alkynes after the process of CH activation. The ease of insertion of the various M-C bonds which comprises of the heterocycle, phenyl, and vinyl with alkynes are not yet known. This is because very limited research has b een done on this area. The activation of these M-C bonds with the alkynes is expected to give type 3 of the heterocycles in ligands (Chen et al., 2009). Some of the end products of catalysis with heterocycles produce effects during the activation process and update such kind of effects have never been researched. Therefore, the effects that they are capable of producing are not well known. Basically, this project will tend to unveil the synthesis of complexes in group 2 like D, 1,2-Diphenylethane-1,2-diol (II) and their various reactions with the alkynes to form either group 3 or group 4 heterocycles ligands (Sanford & Lyons, 2010). The obtained experimental results will therefore, be compared to the various results that are obtained through computational chemistry. These computational chemistry results will be the ones that were obtained by the various collaborators who were present at the University of Heriott Watt. PREPARATION OF FUNCTIONALIZED HETEROCYCLES STARTING MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS The starting materials are 1-chloro-isoquinoline together with benzotriazole. The two are combined through nucleophilic substitution method. The combination of these two gives ligand 1. The use of deprotonation can also be used in the preparation of these functionalized heterocycles such as NH or NR. The deprotonation is carried out on imidazolium chloride salt together with a strong base as the solvent. The reaction time is at an interval of 10 to 15 minutes before the next step is undertaken. Reaction pass this time at times yield wrong results and therefore, keen observations of this reaction time is recommended for purposes of accurate results. The preferred chemical apparatus is Schlenk flask together with stir bar. Stir bar is used to prevent heat loss during the homogeneous mixing of the reactants. After the formation of ligand 1 the cyclometallated complexes 2 which is ligand 2 is formed from the reaction of 2-vinylpyridine and trithiazyl trichloride (Ng, Zhou & Yu , 2012). The ligand 3 is also formed from the reaction of rubeanic acid and double cyclocondesation of oxalamidoxime. These kinds of ligands are useful during the formation of multinuclear and mononuclear metal complexes. The other products formed are Diisopropoxytitanium (III) Tetrahydroborate, 1(2 mmol) and lithium bis (2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl)hydroboratylmethylpolystyrene (9) A reaction between tetrahydroborate 1 of heterocycles 1 equivalent took place with a-hydroxyketones also of 1 equivalent for a time ranging between 5 to 15 minutes. The

For this assignment you are asked to first select ONE of the following Essay

For this assignment you are asked to first select ONE of the following topics to investigate - Essay Example Several publications put an emphasis on the developments and realities of video conferencing. They illustrated case after case of people making use of video conferencing and avoiding travel (Davidson & Cope 2003). A number of companies, such as Siemens, LifeSize, and Cisco Systems, have been developing this form of technology for several years now (King 2009). Fortunately, or unfortunately for others, the rapid progress of the current economic crisis is speeding the pace of its implementation. It is not likely that video conferencing can replace business travel, yet companies are increasingly resorting to it as the drawback of the technology—such as dropped calls, wobbly connections, and confusing delays—mostly has been remedied (Tracy 2009). This essay is an attempt to discuss the possibility of video conferencing replacing business travel in the near future. Through specific examples and empirical evidence this essay aims to give light to this new trend in technology and business tourism industry. The current literature on this issue includes the inexpensiveness of video conferencing and transforming economics as well as the ‘not so sophisticated’ adaptations of the technology such as those provided by google, yahoo, or skype. These low- and high-tech video technologies are by now beginning to transform numerous procedures not just in the business tourism industry but also in other professional and skilled sectors of the economy. Several authors discussed particularly the effect of video conferencing on business travel and reduced popularity of business travel. For instance, Hewlett-Packard and Cisco have experienced a considerable growth rate in their video conferencing units over the recent decade (King 2009). The enterprise of video technology is fascinating in two points. First, from the point of view of the customers, although the direct capital needed is not negligible, it

Academic Skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Academic Skills - Essay Example twentieth century, when the world was moving towards immense development at a global level, Nigeria was experiencing high unemployment, weak economy, abandoned and ruined educational system, high poverty, increased corruption and other malpractices in the private and public sectors, increased rates of crime, international criticism and imposed sanctions, and a bad management system. Okonkwo (p.58), along with other leaders, sociologists, and researchers advocated a strong need for a revamped and innovated educational system. Although the need for good education was recognized at the beginning of this century, or even earlier dating back to the colonial period (Ajayi, 420), researches conducted in recent times have also identified these or very similar needs. For example, Odia and Omofonmwan (p.81) have identified specific problems related to the educational system such as decline in standard, deterioration of facilities, examination malpractices, mass promotion syndrome and others. Ajibade stated, ‘Many Nigerian elites, going by the quality of their contributions to debates, are suffering from acute â€Å"intellectual malnutrition.† It is now pretty difficult to fight ignorance in Nigeria, a country which the World Bank report for 1991 says is the 13th poorest nation in the world. The per capita income of an average Nigerian hardly permits him the luxury of getting information materials. Not many Nigerians can afford the exorbitant prices of books.’ (qtd. in Ihonvbere, 73). This indicates two factors affecting the Nigerian education, firstly the standard of education and secondly, socioeconomics of the nation. In fact, academic crises and strength of sociopolitical conditions are interdependent. On similar terms, Odia and Omofonmwan (p.82) pointed out that education in the contemporary times has become the privilege of the affordable masses, and a business with great earning potential for the educationalists. Their research discovered that most of the

The role of feminist art in 20 century Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The role of feminist art in 20 century - Essay Example In 1970s the social orientation of the art-process both from the point of view of the content (themes raised by artists in the works of their creativity), and the structure has noticeably amplified. The most appreciable phenomenon of the middle of 1970s has become feminism in art. So let us consider the role of feminism in the art of the twentieth century. Feminism is a social-political movement, which purpose is granting to women all variety of the civil rights. In a broad sense it is an aspiration to equality of women with men in all spheres of a society's life. In narrow sense feminism is a women's movement, which purpose is elimination of discrimination of women and their equation in the rights with men. Feminism has arisen in the eighteenth century, but it became especially active since the end of 1960s. Especially since the late 1960s, when the feminist art movement can be said to have emerged, women have been particularly interested in what makes them different from males - what makes women artists and their art different from male artists and their art. This has been most prominent in the United States, Britain, and Germany, although there are numerous precursors to the movement, and it has spread to many other cultures since the 1970s1. The role of a woman art began to be discussed approximately since the first quarter of the nineteenth century, but the most intensive discussion concerns to the end of the nineteenth - to the beginning of the twentieth century. Both in those years and later even just the right to existence of this issue, not speaking about using concepts "female literature", "female creativity", "female history " etc. had been often called into a question, had been laughed at and denied. The main thing and they believe weighty and incontestable argument of opponents of using these definitions is the thesis: the art can be only good or bad, and no other aspects of consideration and the analysis can be. And especially the art cannot be male or female; it cannot be divided according to a sexual attribute. The first comprehensive, historical exhibition to examine the international foundations and legacy of feminist art, WACK! Art and the Feminist Revolution focuses on the crucial period 1965-1980, during which the majority of feminist activism and art-making occurred internationally. The exhibition includes the work of 120 artists from the United States, Central and Eastern Europe, Latin America, Asia, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. Comprising work in a broad range of media-including painting, sculpture, photography, film, video, and performance art-the exhibition is organized around themes based on media, geography, formal concerns, collective aesthetic, and political impulses2. In the art of feminist-women there is a destruction of an image of the woman as a gentle, fine, full of love and giving a life essence. Aggression and sexuality of these characters with which the author is inevitably identified, causes a shock. Not a fine woman, captivating with her nakedness, but some fury appears in the form of a picture, a photo, installation, a model. It frightens a man, as a viewer by definition is a man. For him she creates. Eros of these Venus does not give a birth of a new life. Not dedication,

Cultural Diversity in the Media Essay Example for Free

Cultural Diversity in the Media Essay The term drugs refer to anything, which is not prepared by organisms and is generally considered that drugs are not part of food we eat. Although drugs also refer to Medical ailments (pills, syrups, capsules etc) but here we are discussing recreational drugs which are: LSD, Shrooms, Alcohol, Caffeine, Catnip, Salvia, Cocaine, Crack, DXM, Ecstasy, Ephedrine, Heroin, Inhalants, GHB, Tobacco, Cannabis, Methamphetamine, Milk (artificially prepared), Peyote, Nutmeg, Oxycontin, Ketamine, Whiteboard Markers and so on. Drugs have its uses and abuses. But mostly, its uses are almost negligible when one starts introspection of the conditions of society caused by the abuses of Drugs. Societies are damaging because of evils of the alarming increase in the intake of drugs all over the world, which is followed by the increase in crime and decrease in national income. It has been surveyed that people portray abnormal, illegal and ruthless behaviors after intake of drugs. Alcohols being widely available in societies of west provide easy hand in the provision of drugs. In America alone, every third child is said to be tainted by the drugs. All teens see some type of drug use or abuse in school or in the media. â€Å"The nineteenth-century explosion of drug use had gotten out of hand. Wiliam Halsted invented nerve-block anesthesia with cocaine (1885) but developed such a craving for the drug that his friends had to put him aboard a schooner for several months so he could kick the habit. He did, but became addicted to morphine from the ships supplies. It was long a closely guarded secret at Johns Hopkins University that one of the institutions founders was a junkie. Halsteds student, James Leonard Corning, invented spinal anesthesia with cocaine. Every family has a vicious drunkard dad or uncle on the loose; mournful mamas swigged patent medicines by the gallon; kids raised on heroin cough syrup graduated to coca-filled soft drinks. † Increasing display of drugs as element of â€Å"Being cool†, â€Å"Easy money†, â€Å"Failure in love†, â€Å"Family problems†, â€Å"Peer Pressures† and â€Å"Complexes†, in movies is grasping the attraction of teens and young adults. â€Å"An estimated 66. 5 million Americans 12 years or older reported current use of a tobacco product in 2001. This number represents 29. 5 percent of the population. Youth cigarette use in 2001 was slightly below the rate for 2000, continuing a downward trend since 1999. † Rates of youth cigarette use were 14. 9 percent in 1999, 13. 4 percent in 2000, and 13. 0 percent in 2001. The annual number of new daily smokers age 12 to 17 decreased from 1. 1 million in 1997 to 747,000 in 2000. This translates into a reduction from 3,000 to 2,000 in the number of new youth smokers per day. † Some of the most important movies to display drugs as an inspiration for live life, business and culture are given with their detail account of criticism and background. 1. The Blow The Blow was released in 2001 was based on a true story. The story of George Jung, the man who established the American cocaine market in the 1970s. It was directed by Ted Demme. The screenplay is by Nick Cassavetes and David McKenna. It is story of young man of middle class family struggling for a better place in society, which unfortunately do not turn out be very fruitful for the fate of the family. George then moved to California, where he starts his own business in which he finds both success and imprisonment. In prison, he meets a cellmate who introduces him into a partnership to the lucrative new market in cocaine. When George Jung released from jail he quickly becomes instrumental in establishing the exploding US market for cocaine in which he claimed that he handled about 85% of the supply in the 1970s. Although it was a movie that could be presented as a masterpiece for the awareness of the society, the movie missed its attempt. The death of the hero was tragic but his appearance in the movie appealed the young generation to a great extent. â€Å"Blow outlines the lifestyle of a mega-rich smuggler — the border crossings, the ruthless negotiations, the sudden betrayals, the wild characters, the run-ins with the justice system, the inherent problems in dealing with massive amounts of cash, the temptations — and, ultimately, the tragedy of blowing all of your dreams for greed. † 2. Trainspotting This Academy Award nominated movies was produced in 1996. Denny boyle directed it. This movie was based on a novel â€Å"Trainspotting† by Irvine Welsh. The screenplay was adapted from Welshs novel by John Hodge. This movie begins with the narration by Renton, who is a rent boy, he tell others that they should choose to live traditional family life. After his narration he tells that his train of thoughts ends with â€Å"who needs reason when you’ve got heroin? † all of his friend were addicted to drugs. The movie rotates all about dirty drugs business and its dealings. The movies most critical part is when Renton leaves drug addiction he feels no purpose of life. He then also deals in selling the heroin. Later Renton realizes that his friends are no his friends at all and leave them for a better life. â€Å"Its release sparked controversy in some countries, including the United Kingdom, Australia and the United States, as to whether it promoted drug use or not. U. S. Senator, Bob Dole, decried its moral depravity and glorification of drug use during the 1996 U. S. presidential campaign, although he admitted that he had not actually seen the film. † 3. The basket ball diaries This movie was produced in 1995 and was directed by Scott Kalvert. It was written by Brian Goluboff. The movie is an autobiographical account of poet and rock musician Jim Carroll. The running time of movie was 105 minutes. As a member of an outwardly invincible high school basketball squad, Jims life centers around the basketball court and the court becomes an allegory for the world in his mind. It was biggest dream of Jim to become Star of basketball. He was Catholic high school student but later become drug addict due to bad company. Jim and his friends roam the streets of New York City as trivial thieves and revolts. Soon school expelled the Jim for he took drugs before game. Later Jim faces more trouble when his family throws him. This movie is a critical for most of its scene describing, â€Å"A youth (a mere school boy of age 13) is enjoying the drugs† and hence portrayed that it is not very offensive of a young boy or girl to take drugs in that age specially. â€Å"This movie contained incredibly dark and vulgar guided imagery which could quite possibly lead the impressionable into moral and value modification, poor coping skills, and dangerous decision-making. † 4. Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas The movie Fear and Loating in Las Vegas was released on May 22, 1998. It was directed by Terry Gilliam. This film was based on Hunter S. Thompsons 1971 novel Fear and Loathing In Las Vegas: A Savage Journey to the Heart of the American Dream. Journalist Raoul Duke and attorney Dr. Gonzo travel from Los Angeles, California to Las Vegas, Nevada in 1971 to cover a motorcycle race for a sports magazine and enjoy a haphazardly planned vacation. Fueled by the massive amount of drugs they purchased with an advance from a magazine to cover a sporting event in Vegas; they set out in the Red Shark. Wreak havoc upon the citizens of Las Vegas. Encountering police, reporters, gamblers, racers, and hitchhikers; they search for some indefinable thing know only as the American Dream and find fear, loathing and hilarious adventures into the dementia of the modern American West. The movie is filled with violence and drugs series. It effected the audience to en extent that even an incident got attached to it. During shooting Gilliam was approached by a group of young men, one of which complimented him on the film in general, but said that his favorite scene was the andrenichrome scene. He said that he had used the drug and that Gilliam had captured the effects perfectly. Gilliam didnt have the heart to tell the kid that it was made up, and went along with his story. 5. Dazed and confused Dazed and confused is a 1993 American film written and directed by Richard Linklater. The movie tells the stories of the last day of school in May 1976 in a Texas suburb. As the movie begins, the last day of school at a high school is beginning. The last day at Robert E. Lee High School proceeds with regular classes but the soon-to-be-senior class (Class of 1977) is more interested in getting ready for the annual hazing of the incoming freshman class, which will take place after school. The hazing is depicted as a ritualized event that has the support of the town, in the movie. Randall Pink Floyd was a football player who moves with simplistic grace among groups of greasers, nerds, stoners, and athletes alike. The coaches introduced a new policy for the upcoming 1976-77 school year in which athletes have to sign a written pledge that they will not use alcohol or illegal drugs. Pink refuses to sign the pledge sheet. The coach berates Randall Floyd for hanging out with that other crowd (referring to his stoner friends) and Floyd takes offense to it. â€Å"The movie conspicuously shows the much more relaxed attitudes toward both teenage alcohol consumption and driving with open beer containers at the time; Kramer can easily buy beer as the lawful Texas drinking age at the time was 18 and even that was lightly enforced. † References 1. http://www. thc-ministry. net/history-of-drugs. html 2. http://www. getsomeblow. com/index2. html 3. http://parentingteens. about. com/cs/drugsofabuse/a/druguse10_2. htm 4. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Trainspotting_(film) 5. ChildCare Action Project: Christian Analysis of American Culture (CAP) by Thomas A. Carder http://www. capalert. com/capreports/basketballdiaries/basketballdiaries. htm 6. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Fear_and_Loathing_in_Las_Vegas_%28film%29 7. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Dazed_and_Confused_(film)

Sophocles’ Oedipus the King and Shakespeare’s Hamlet Essay Example for Free

Sophocles’ Oedipus the King and Shakespeare’s Hamlet Essay It is hard to divorce the subject of the gods in discussing Oedipus’ tragic flaw. In Sophocles’ time, the Greeks’ way of life was determined by the gods. They would not dream of calling practices such as consulting the Oracle or the procession as superstitious. Similarly, it is difficult to discuss Hamlet’s madness without relating it to the Ghost. Shakespeare’s England, fresh from experiencing the Reformation, also had its own sets of superstitions. In the same way that peoples’ lives in those times were powerfully affected by superstitions and the supernatural, the decisions of several characters in the plays mentioned above were also influenced by superstitions and the supernatural. Although it is often thought that the plots of Oedipus the King and Hamlet revolve around the manner in which Oedipus and Hamlet use human reasoning and rational thinking to fashion themselves as heroes, the purpose of this essay is to argue otherwise, since both heroes are fashioned by superstition and the supernatural that provide the heroic codes that they must follow, dictating them how to live their lives as heroes. The plots of both Hamlet and Oedipus the King revolve around solving the evils in Thebes and Denmark, respectively. The supernatural reveals the causes of these problems and the actions that the heroes must take in order to put balance back into their worlds. For the heroes to do this, they must complete a superstitious task. As one might see, the tasks of both heroes are strangely similar. For Oedipus, it is taking â€Å"the son’s part† (280) and punishing the murderer of Laios. For Hamlet, it is avenging his father’s murder.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Oedipus the King, the cause of the plague is revealed through the Delphic Oracle. Due to the on-stage absence of the gods in the play, oracles and Teiresias function as their voices. Both of these are essential for truth and revelations. They represent the supernatural. In the play, the truth means power, as Teiresias affirms as he argues Oedipus, â€Å"[†¦] there is power in truth† (390). Teiresias knew that the truth itself can kill Oedipus. The drama evolves through revelations about Oedipus’ fate and his apparent blindness to it. Oedipus, as a tragic hero complete with characteristics such as hubris, hastiness and blindness, tries to shift the center to himself as a god-like problem-solver, declaring â€Å"I, Oedipus, who bear the famous name† (8). He follows the mystery to the end until his eventual fall, causing him to inflict the punishment upon himself in order to appease justice. Though Oedipus is no slave to fate, he was a victim of it since he could not avoid his fate. Though fate can be seen as the will of the gods, it is maintained that Oedipus alone is responsible for his actions, as the second messenger pointed out: â€Å"The greatest griefs are those we cause ourselves† (1283). The concept of fate is complicated, but it is very similar to the Protestant doctrine of predestination, where one is destined to be somebody or do something even when one has free will. In the first scene, the chorus asks why Oracle does not divulge the identity of the murderer. Strangely, Oedipus himself provides the explanation for this: â€Å"[†¦] no man in the world can make the gods do more than the gods’ will† (296-297). Teiresias also insisted that â€Å"[†¦] there’s no help in truth† (334), but Oedipus forces him into saying it. He insisted on knowing out of his own sense of piety and justice. That is his downfall. It is too late when Oedipus realizes this: â€Å"He [Apollo] brought my sick, sick fate upon me, but the blinding hand was mine own!† (1386-1387). Even in the end, superstition limits what he could do to himself. It prevents him from committing suicide, since in Hades, he does not know how to face both his father and mother (1419-1422). The modern reader would most probably wonder why Oedipus is subjected to such a fate. One may not answer that completely and accurately for the Greeks would argue that it is not any mortal’s business to ask that. In the play, moral characters’ lives are contrasted with the gods’ immortal lives. Through the gods, the Greeks are reminded of their mortality seeing â€Å"how our lives like birds take wing† (183). Oedipus’ story also reminds them of this lesson. The play concludes with that same thought: Let every man in mankind’s frailty Consider his last day; and let none Presume on his good fortune until he find Life, at his death, a memory without pain (1581-1884). In Hamlet, it is suggested that the superstitions and the supernatural have a real hold upon the characters. The appearance of the supernatural, in this case, the Ghost, tells the characters that â€Å"something is rotten in the state of Denmark† (1.4.90). Like in Oedipus the King, superstitions provide explanations for certain scientifically unexplainable events and occurrences. The Ghost first appears on the first scene of act one where Horatio, Marcellus and Barnardo were waiting for it. It doesn’t utter a word so one could only visualize the Ghost through what the trio says of it. From Horatio, the audience learns that it looks like the dead king and that he is wearing the armor that he wore when he â€Å"smote the sledded Polack on the ice† (1.1.59-63). As he tried to question the ghost, he referred to three more popular superstitions to explain the reason behind the Ghost’s appearance: it seeks someone whose action will enable it to rest in peace (1.1.130-131), it knows of a future disaster in store for Denmark (1.1.133-134) or it seeks buried treasure â€Å"extorted† when alive (1.1.136-137). The Ghost vanishes as the cock crows. Horatio is not the only superstitious character in the play. Hamlet meets the ghost on the fourth scene. Though he knew not whether the ghost is of heaven or hell, he calls it â€Å"Hamlet,† his father (1.1.44-45). As the Ghost beckons him to a remote place, Horatio and Marcellus urge Hamlet not to follow it for fear that it might â€Å"draw him into madness† (1.1.75). True enough, that is exactly what will happen in the next scenes and acts. The Ghost doesn’t speak to Hamlet until the next scene. It introduces itself as Hamlet’s father, hinting at the terrors of the afterlife (1.5.9-13).   It asks him to â€Å"revenge his foul and most unnatural murder† (1.5.25). Strangely enough, Hamlet is not completely surprised, even guessing the murderer as his uncle (1.5.40-41). In this scene, the Ghost acts and thinks like Hamlet who also condemns his â€Å"most seeming virtuous queen† (1.5.46). In its last words to Hamlet it cries â€Å"remember me† (1.1.91). Hamlet does remember him throughout the play. It is this rite of revenge that he will enact until the last act. He has to do it at the right moment, as superstition dictates. The scene where Claudius prays is not the right time for his death. The Ghost and its memory guide his actions and decisions, though invisible. In Hamlet’s confrontation with his mother, the Ghost appears again in a more domestic garb, preventing him from harming his mother. It is strange though that in that scene, Gertrude doesn’t see the ghost. One may never know if this is a sign of her moral blindness or if this is only a projection of Hamlet’s madness as Gertrude thinks. The Ghost causes Hamlet’s â€Å"dread of something after death† (3.1.78). This is exactly the subject of Hamlet’s most famous speech. Because of the terrifying vision of the Ghost, death becomes an â€Å"undiscovered country† (3.1.87). Hamlet doesn’t know where he will go after death, so he doesn’t commit suicide. Conscience, or the lack of it, makes a â€Å"coward† of him and therefore, â€Å"lose the name of action† (3.1.96). When finally Hamlet does avenge his father, all is set aright. As Hamlet dies, he elects Fortinbras as the new king of Denmark, who like him has also lot his father. It is through this deed that Hamlet becomes a fully fledged hero. Like his father in death, Hamlet also appeals to Horatio â€Å"draw thy breath in pain to tell my story† (5.2.183-184). Thus, he passes the call for remembrance. Superstitions and the supernatural indeed provide the heroic codes which shape the plots of these dramas. Although Oedipus and Hamlet both conform to their periods’ respective notions of heroes, the concept above runs the same for them. In the endings of both plays, the audiences come face to face with visions of mortality. These visions are intended for them, as well as the characters, to remember life itself.       Works Cited Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. Ed. Barbara A. Mowat and Paul Werstine. Folger Library Shakespeare. NY: Washington Square Press, 1992. Sophocles. â€Å"Oedipus Rex.† The Oedipus Cycle. Trans. Dudley Fitts and Robert Fitzgerald. San Diego and NY: Harvest/HBJ, 1977.

Morality In Candide And A Clockwork Orange Philosophy Essay

Morality In Candide And A Clockwork Orange Philosophy Essay Free will, morality and destiny, these are all concepts that people have been debating for thousands of years. In A Clockwork Orange and Candide these topics are addressed at length and make up the bulk of discussion throughout the novels. Candide is the story of a man trying to find his way in an unfamiliar world after having been kicked out of his home. A Clockwork Orange is about a teenager who commits a murder and is then selected for a treatment allowing early release from prison. The two are good examples of a philosophical tale and are thematically similar, except that they differ in the final moral message. The final line in Candide That is well said, but we must cultivate our garden. (Voltaire 96) can be interpreted as we must improve our world, whereas in A Clockwork Orange this line But now as I end this story, brothers, I am not young, not no longer, oh no. Alex like growth up, oh yes. (Burgess 198) shows that it is about personal growth. The similarities between that two , however, are much greater, focusing on the theme: there are limits to human free will. Candide and A Clockwork Orange both show free will exists, but differ in how they show the limitations upon free will. Firstly, in Candide, existence of free will is shown mainly through the philosophical exchange between characters. All this is for the very bestà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ said Pangloss. A little dark man spoke up Apparently the gentleman does not believe in original sin; for, if all is for the best then there has been neither fall nor punishment. I very humbly beg Your Excellencys pardon, for the fall of man and the curse necessarily entered into the best of possible worlds. Then the gentleman does not believe in free will? Your Excellency will excuse me, free will can coexist with absolute necessity, for it was necessary that we should be free; for after all, predetermined willà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. (Voltaire 13-14) This is one of the most important dialogues illustrating how Leibnitz optimism (that all is for the best) reconciles the existence of free will with the use of the Judeo-Christian origin myth. Pangloss stance is that after original sin human beings were sent to the best of all possible w orlds, the man hes talking to asked how we can have free will if this is so, and so Pangloss replied that it is necessary to have free will in order to be in the best of all possible worlds. Secondly, in A Clockwork Orange, it is shown that being human requires having free will, A man who cannot choose ceases to be a man. (Burgess 168). A couple of views are shown, those of Alex and F. Alexander and also of the government. The protagonist (although not a hero) Alex believes that everyone is born, to some degree, with an innate evilness, but we choose what we do. More, badness is of the the self, the one, the you or me on our oddy knockies, and that self is made by old Bog or God and is his great pride and radostyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ But what I do I do because I like to do. (Burgess 47), evil is instinctive (because of God), but we make our own choices. F. Alexander in polar opposition believes that all are born good or as a tabula rasa (blank slate) and are spoiled by society and culture. Limitations on free will are shown in Candide through the impossibility of circumstances, which we can call destiny. Sure man controls his own will, but he certainly cannot control everything, for example the actions of others and those of God. Candide was about to be executed when the King passing by freed him, he is shipwrecked and then stuck in an earthquake, he finds out all the people he thought were dead are still alive, etc. these are some of the many events which Candide had no control over, but he had the freedom to choose how to act in these situations. And, in the end, Candide says we must cultivate our garden (Voltaire 96); improve our world, since we have free will. Lastly, in A Clockwork Orange destiny is also a limitation, but in a different way. There are things that we cannot change, for example: birth where, when, to whom, genetics, etc. It is shown how the environment that Alex grew up in has shaped who he is as a person and since a person is the sum of their experiences, which start off as out of their control (birth, childhood, etc.), it can be said that he is not entirely responsible for his actions. Another limitation is thought manipulation. You are what you think is an adage that sums this up and if you cant control what you think or feel you therefore cannot control your actions and do not have free will. This is shown in A Clockwork Orange with the Ludvico Technique; Alex is conditioned to experience extreme pain and discomfort when he has violent or other evil (as determined by the government) thoughts. Forcibly doing good is portrayed as being worse than choosing evil It may not be nice to be good, little 6655321. It may be hor rible to be good. And when I say that to you I realize how self-contradictory that sounds. I know I shall have many sleepless nights about this. What does God want? Does God want goodness or the choice of goodness? Is a man who chooses the bad perhaps in some ways better than a man who has the good imposed upon him? Deep and hard questions, little 6655321. (Burgess 105) and good is explained as being meaningless without the presence of evil, without a choice being made à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ by definition, a human being is endowed with free will. He can use this to choose between good and evil. If he can only perform good or only perform evil, then he is a clockwork orange-meaning that he has the appearance of an organism lovely with colour and juice but is in fact only a clockwork toy to be wound up by God or the Devil or (since this is increasingly replacing both) the Almighty State. It is as inhuman to be totally good as it is to be totally evil. The important thing is moral choice. Evi l has to exist along with good, in order that moral choice may operate. Life is sustained by the grinding opposition of moral entities. (Burgess 4). Both Candide and A Clockwork Orange posit the existence of free will. They both also show limitations on it, but have different limitations. Candides limitations are those of destiny and A Clockwork Oranges are those of destiny and manipulation. In Candide, through highly improbable situations, we are shown that there is a lot we cannot control, even though we have free will. In A Clockwork Orange destiny is shown, but as things we cannot choose like birth, and manipulation is the moulding of thoughts and feelings and therefore behaviour. In Candide the moral message is that free will should be used, we should act rather than romanticize because nobody else is going to. In A Clockwork Orange it is shown that since people have free will they also have a chance at redemption, no matter how rotten they may be, and that by taking away free will they lose that chance.

Napoleon Essay -- European History Military Generals Essays

Napoleon â€Å"I live only for posterity, death is nothing, but to live without glory is to die every day† (Lefebvre 43). Napoleon was driven by his desire for glory and ambition and his ascension was tremendous. Born in Corsica, his family moved to France, in Marseilles, when he was only a child. From the state of a â€Å"lieutenant,† at the age of sixteen, to the one of emperor in 1804, till reigning over the European continent after his conquest of Prussia, his ascension was not only due to the events that occurred during his life, but was also due to his ambition and his tremendous genius. His genius was both military and political. Napoleon was a military genius because of his career rapidity. He went to the School of Officers in Paris. At the age of sixteen he was already a lieutenant. At Toulon, this battle enabled him to climb quickly the echelons in the military. As Chandler states, Napoleon gave military orders to produce a large number of guns. These guns and mortars provided Napoleon the possibility to attack the different forts situated in places that were overlooking the harbor. Because of this production, Napoleon was able to produce enough guns to attack the place without having a great loss in his army. Horne declared the recapture of the port became possible because the previous attacks enabled Napoleon to place a number of guns and mortars in good position to fire the British fleet commanded by Hood (17). By the success of his capture, the British fleet left the harbor and Napoleon gained great recognition by the military and was soon after promoted to the rank of â€Å"gà ©neral de brigade.† Napoleon’s military genius is perceived through the new division of the army. Gates state... ..., Georges. â€Å"A Romantic Tempered by Realpolitik.† Kafker & Laux. Napoleon and his Times: Selected Interpretations. Malabar Florida: Robert E. Krieger Pub. Co., 1989. Napoleonic Europe 1812. Map. Atlas of European History. By Bartholomew, Edinburgh. New York: HarperCollins, 1994. 148-49 Rothenberg, Gunther. â€Å"Military Affairs.† Kafker & Laux. Napoleon and his Times: Selected Interpretations. Malabar, Florida: Robert E. Krieger Pub. Co., 1989. Rowe, Michael. â€Å"Debate: Napoleon and the Post-Revolutionary Management of Sovereignty.† Modern and Contemporary France 8.4 (2000): 510-13. Academic Search Premiere. EBSCO. Roesch Library, Dayton. 04 Nov. 2002 Vandal, Albert. â€Å"The Restoration of Order and National Unity.† Kafker & Laux. Napoleon and his Times: Selected Interpretations. Malabar Florida: Robert E. Krieger Pub. Co., 1989.

Use of Imagery in Jean Toomers Cane Essay -- Toomer Cane Essays

Use of Imagery in Jean Toomer's Cane Dusk. It is that darker side of twilight when the sun has just set, but the moon has yet to take full charge. It is a time of mergings, of vagueness and ambiguity, when an end and a beginning change places. The sun steps aside and lets the moon and stars take over for a while. As the most pervasive image in the first section of Jean Toomer's Cane, it is the time of day when "[t]he sky, lazily disdaining to pursue/The setting sun, too indolent to hold/ A lengthened tournament for flashing gold,/Passively darkens" ("Georgia Dusk," 15). It is also a reflection of the souls of the characters, like Karintha, "perfect as dusk when the sun goes down" (3). Dusk and its smoky, dreamlike derivatives form the connective imagery joining light and dark, day and night, black and white. It is the kind of imagery that most closely articulates what George Hutchinson called Toomer's dream of a new "American" race in his essay "Jean Toomer and American Racial Discourse" (227). He says, "To omer's vision of a coming merging of the races makes perfect sense within the framework of the first section of Cane: the dystopia of the contemporary South implies a corresponding utopia" (234). While Hutchinson's theories rely heavily upon miscegenation and Toomer's use of racially mixed characters, the more compelling evidence seems to lie in the murkiness of both the mystic-like atmosphere of rural Georgia and the half created characterizations of its people. Through his distinctly modern use of imagery, Toomer creates a new iconography that defines a vision of the future where colors merge and race is no longer the harbinger of identity. To call Toomer's agenda and use of imagery modern implies ... ...on, George. "Jean Toomer and American Racial Discourse." Texas Studies in Literature and Language. 35, 2 (Summer 1993). 226-245. Reuben, Paul P. "'Chapter 9: Harlem Renaissance - Jean Toomer.' PAL: Perspectives in American Literature - A Research Guide. URL" http://www.csustan.edu/english/reuben/pal/chap9/toomer.html Toomer, Jean. Cane. New York: Norton, 1988. Toomer, Jean. Selected Essays and Literary Criticism. ed. Robert Jones. Knoxville: UT Press, 1996. Whyde, Janet. "Mediating Forms: Narrating the Body in Jean Toomer's Cane." Southern Literary Journal. 26, 1 (Fall 1993). 42-52. Williams, Scott. "A Jean Toomer Page" http://members.aol.com/bonvibre/toomer0.html Yeats, William Butler. "Into the Twilight." The Norton Anthology of Modern Poetry. eds. Richard Ellman and Robert O'Clair. New York: Norton & Company, 1988.

lala :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1999, Mary DeGenova and F. Philip Rice conducted an experiment to determine the differences between the covers of twelve popular men’s and women’s magazines. Fifty-four out of the sixty-nine covers viewed of the women’s magazines contained some message about bodily appearance, whereas none of the fifty-three covers of the men’s magazines viewed contained such messages (78). It seems that the media socializes women to value themselves according to their appearance and men are taught that being a man is about status and success rather than physicality (DeGenova and Rice 68). Karen Horney, a German psychiatrist in the early twentieth century, maintained that there is a distrust that exists between the sexes partly because â€Å"we all have a natural fear of losing ourselves in another person† (361). Because trusting someone of the opposite sex requires vulnerability, people are reluctant to allow themselves to be seen without the protective shield of indifference. After perusing the May issues of Elle, G.Q., Glamour, and Maxim, one could detect that women are taught to please men through their appearance and their sexual prowess while men are taught to use their fashion and their knowledge to appear ambivalent and independent.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before one can consider the messages contained within the magazines, he or she must be aware of the media existing as a socializing agent. Magazines and other forms of Taylor 2 mass media transmit several messages that shape the way individuals view themselves and others. There are several perceived differences between the gender roles of men and women. Young children are taught schemas of gender that continue to be culturally and socially reinforced as they grow up; the children, in turn, use these schemas to process information about themselves and about others. Children are encouraged to assume the appropriate gender identity by being rewarded for behaviors that align with socially-determined gender expectations and punished for those that do not. Those who live up to societal expectations are accepted as normal; those who do not conform are criticized and pressured to comply. (Transition sentence) All four magazines viewed contain messages about the importance of style, but Elle and Glamour, women’s magazines, promote the idea that a female’s personal happiness is linked to her physical appearance. Elle contained an article entitled â€Å"Pretty, Please† which demonstrated various techniques of applying makeup in order to make a woman appear more beautiful. G.Q. and Maxim, men’s magazines, endorse style as a means of exuding machismo.

Fad Diets: Look Before You Leap Essay

Association. â€Å"Fad diets are a short-term, quick-fix approach to weight loss that don’t work over the long haul. These diets tend to over-promise results but don’t deliver. Food choices are often monotonous, and caloric intake may be very restricted, so that once the novelty wears off, so does the motivation to continue.† Even the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has recognized the huge popularity of fad diets, and in February it sponsored the Great Nutrition Debate, a discussion panel that featured popular diet book authors as well as nutrition and weight loss researchers. While the panelists agreed that Americans are too fat, there was no consensus about the best way to lose weight and keep it off-although it led to interesting and sometimes heated debate. In the end, USDA indicated that it might be time for government researchers to evaluate the various diets to help sort fact from fiction. There is a dire lack of scientific research to corroborate the theories expounded in the majority of diet books currently on the market. Most promise weight loss programs that are easy, allow favorite foods or foods traditionally limited in weight loss diets without limitations, and do not require a major shift in exercise habits. Often, adds Sachiko St. Jeor, PhD, RD, Director of the Nutrition Education and Research Program at the University of Nevada School of Medicine, â€Å"fad diet book authors take a scientific half-truth that is complex and use that as the basis for their arguments.† Authors may simplify or expand upon biochemistry and physiology in an effort to help support their theories and provide a plethora of scientific jargon that people do not understand but that seems to make sense. And few, if any, offer solid scientific support for their claims in the form of published research studies. Instead, most evidence is based on anecdotal findings, theories, and testimonials of short-term results. Some of the most popular diets to hit the news wires these days are those that promote low carbohydrate and high protein intakes and promise significant weight loss. These diets are nothing more than low calorie diets in disguise, but with some potentially serious consequences. Following a low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet will encourage the body to burn its own fat. Without carbohydrates, however, fat is not burned completely and substances called ketones are formed and released into the bloodstream. Abnormally high ketone levels in the body, or ketosis, may indeed make dieting easier, since they typically decrease appetite and cause nausea. However, ketosis also increases the levels of uric acid in the blood, which is a risk factor for gout and kidney disease in susceptible people. Additionally, notes Dr. St. Jeor, â€Å"following these diets can result in dehydration, diarrhea, weakness, headaches, dizziness, and bad breath, and over the long term, can also increase risk of atherosclerosis and osteoporosis.† Here’s a rundown on some of the more popular high-protein, low-carbohydrate diets that are making headlines. Sugar Busters! By H. Leighton Steward, Sam S. Andrews, MD, Morrison C. Bethea, MD, and Luis A. Balart, MD Premise/Theory:Sugar and certain carbohydrates (those with high glycemic indices) are toxic to the body causing blood sugar levels to rise and increasing the levels of insulin production, thereby prompting fat storage and weight gain. Supposedly, decreasing sugar intake can help people lose weight and decrease body fat, no matter what other foods are eaten. Dietary Recommendations: * Eliminates refined and processed carbohydrates, especially sugar and white flour and all foods made from these ingredients. Also eliminates foods like potatoes, corn, white rice, beets, carrots, corn syrup, molasses, honey, soft drinks, and beer. * Encourages consumption of whole grains, low-glycemic-index carbohydrates (high-fiber vegetables and fruits), and lean meats with no restrictions on protein foods. * Authors claim that washing food down with liquid does not allow for proper chewing. Claims excess fluid with meals also dilutes digestive juices and can result in partially digested food. * Average intake of calories is 1200 calories/day distributed as 30 percent carbohydrate, 32 percent protein, and 28 percent fat. Recommended calorie intake in this diet is low, accounting for short-term weight loss. Concerns: * There is no scientific basis or published data for the Sugar Busters! weight loss theory. The explanation of insulin’s role in weight gain that is provided is simplistic. The body does produce insulin in response to a rise in blood sugar levels, but it does not promote storage of fat unless excess calories are consumed. * There is no scientific evidence supporting the claim that the consumption of fluids during meals negatively affects digestion. Drastically decreasing dietary intake of carbohydrates forces the body to burn reserves of stored fat for energy, a condition known as ketosis, which leads to decreased hunger and a metabolic advantage. Dietary Recommendations: * Limits carbohydrates to 20 grams/day for the induction phase of the diet and 0 to 60 grams/day in the ongoing weight loss phase. Carbohydrate intake ranges from 25 to 90 grams/day in the maintenance diet. * Unlimited quantities of protein foods and fat-steak, bacon, eggs, chicken, fish, butter, and vegetable oil-are allowed. Avoid or limit carbohydrates, specifically breads, pasta, most fruits and vegetables, milk, and yogurt. Concerns: * No published scientific studies support the diet claims. * Offers extremely limited food choices. Diet is nutritionally unbalanced and excessively high in protein, fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol. * Promotes ketosis as a means of weight loss. * Suggests that a high-saturated-fat, low-carbohydrate diet does not have an effect on lipids. * Dehydration is possible if large amounts of water are not consumed. * Diet is low in calcium, magnesium, potassium, vitamin C, and folate (dietary supplements are recommended). Enter the Zone By Barry Sears, PhD Premise/Theory: The â€Å"zone† is a metabolic state in which the mind is relaxed and focused and the body is strong and works at peak efficiency. A person in the â€Å"zone† will allegedly experience permanent body fat loss, optimal health, greater athletic performance, and improved mental productivity. Insulin is released as a result of eating carbohydrates and leads to weight gain. Because food has a potent, drug-like effect on the hormonal systems that regulate the body’s physiological processes, eating the right combination of foods leads to a metabolic state (lower insulin levels and lower eicosanoid levels) in which the body works at peak performance and which results in decreased hunger, weight loss, and increased energy. Dietary Recommendations: * To get into the â€Å"zone,† rigid quantities of food, apportioned in blocks and at prescribed times, are recommended in a distribution of 40 percent carbohydrate, 30 percent protein, and 30 percent fat. Meals should provide no more than 500 calories and snacks less than 100 calories. * Food should be treated like a medical prescription or drug. * Menus suggest lots of egg whites, nuts, olives, peanut butter, and monounsaturated fats and large amounts of allowable (low-glycemic-index) fruits and vegetables.Alcohol is okay in moderation, but â€Å"zone† followers are advised to avoid or limit carbohydrates, especially pasta, bread, high-glycemic-index fruits and vegetables such as carrots and bananas, saturated fat, and arachidonic acid. * Diet averages 1,300 calories per day, although some menus may run as low as 850 calories. Concerns: * Oversimplifies complicated physiological processes. For example, eicosanoids are one part of a complex system, and no studies suggest that they are dangerous or cause disease. * The metabolic pathways explained in the book that supposedly connect diet, insulin-glucagon, and eicosanoids are not found in standard nutrition or biochemistry texts. The premise that any type of diet completely controls insulin and glucagon secretion is not supported by current nutrition or biochemistry knowledge, nor is the theory that the insulin-glucagon axis controls production of eicosanoids. * Relies upon unproven claims based on case histories, testimonials, and uncontrolled studies that are not published in peer-reviewed journals. Although all of these diets may promote short term weight loss, their long term effectiveness is a different story. The bottom line for lasting and healthful weight loss is a varied diet, reduced caloric intake, and regular physical activity. â€Å"The truth is that losing weight permanently takes work. It’s not glamorous-eating habits need to change and activity usually needs to increase,† notes Quagliani. â€Å"If a diet sounds too good to be true, it probably is.† Glossary Arachidonic acid: fatty acid precursor for eiconsanoid production. Eicosanoids: biologically active class of compounds that are involved in a wide range of regulatory processes such as synthesis of certain fatty acids. Glycemic index: a ranking of the effect on blood glucose of the consumption of a single food relative to a reference carbohydrate (e.g., white bread or glucose). Glucagon: has an effect opposite to that of insulin. Insulin’s and glucagon’s opposing effects help maintain carbohydrate metabolism in a steady state. Tips on Spotting Fad Diets Claims or implies a large or quick weight loss of more than 1 to 2 pounds per week. Slow, gradual weight loss increases the chance of weight loss success and of keeping weight off over the long term. Promotes magical or miracle foods. No foods can undo the long-term effects of overeating and not exercising or melt away fat. Restricts or eliminates certain foods, recommends certain foods in large quantities, insists on eating specific food combinations, or offers rigid, inflexible menus. Implies that weight can be lost and maintained without exercise and other lifestyle changes. Relies heavily on undocumented case histories, testimonials, and anecdotes but has no scientific research to back claims. Contradicts what most trusted health professional groups say, or makes promises that sound too good to be true.

Related Literature Essay

rendering is an important skill to help nation learn from human acquaintance and experience. by dint of information, knowledge has greatly contributed to the growth of mankind. variation is the fastest and simplest way to raise races educational level (Hung & Tzeng, 2001). Thus, interpret in like manner improves the cognitive positioning of a person. No people are to a greater extent educated unless they read. Reading also enhances non only the brain, but the awareness of a person to different lyric poem that he/she didnt encounter before. It increases anes vocabulary and comprehension.Through yarn also, m any an(prenominal) people increased their critical thought offset skills especially when finding the main intellects or for analytical purposes. In short, read is the lift out and only way of enabling human to absorb new experience and exchange old views. Reading is a process of how information is processed from the text into meanings, outset the information f rom the text, and ending what the reader throws. Goodman (1976) and smith (1973) indicated that yarn is a language process, not merely the sum of various decryption and comprehension skills.In short knowledge is the process of reconstructing the authors ideas, perspective and information. On the other hand, Aikat (2007) stated that the the work on of reading is a dynamic traffic between the reader and the text (p. 700), an idea taken from Louise M. Rosenblatts 1978 book, The Reader, The Text, The Poem. According to the same book, there are two kinds of reading reading for leisure, called Aesthetic Reading and corticifugal Reading in order to gain information.Efferent readers read for the purpose of the facts they impart learn, while aesthetic readers read for the reading experience making it easier for them to connect emotionally to the text. In order to for readers to attain this fellowship and fully comprehend the text that they read, Dolch (1951) assert that the proce ss of reading requires the different capabilities of the mind, as the reader processes wrangling and their meanings. To become a skilled reader, children need a generous language and conceptual base, a giving and deep vocabulary and verbal easoning abilities to substantiate messages that are conveyed through print. Children also mustiness develop code-related skills, an projecting that spoken words are composed of smaller elements of barbarism (phonological awareness) the idea that letters represent these sounds (the alphabetical principle), the many systematic correspondences between sounds and spellings, and a repertoire of highly familiar words that can be easily and automatically have a go at itd (McCardle & Chhabra, 2004 McCardle, Scarborough, & Catts, 2001).According to Carrell, Pharis and Liberto (1989), they explained the term metacognition refers to a readers understanding of any cognitive process. Metacognition in the context of reading consists of a readers know ledge of strategies for learning from texts, and the control readers have their experience actions while reading for different purposes. In brief, metacognition refers to awareness of ones avow reading processes (Brown 1980).It means awareness of ones own understanding and non-understanding of reading strategies, and of monitoring comprehension during reading. Nuttal (1996) proposed that learners needed to understand how texts worked and what they did while reading, they must monitor also their own comprehension. For example, students are able to recognize that they dont understand a text, and then adopt a system that will improve matters.

How is Stanhope Represented in the First Two Acts of ‘Journey’s End’?

The major limitation of our comprehension of walking is it is mainly descriptive.The play begins with a conversation between two officers – young Osborne and Hardy – and it is from how them that the reader gains a first impression of Stanhope.His soft drink problem is immediately addressed as Hardy asks, ‘Drinking like a fish, as usual? ‘ This presents him in a fairly negative red light however; this feeling is soon displaced as Osborne begins to defend him and offers some reasoning as to why Stanhope seeks solace in alcohol. We learn that he is in fact an extremely competent logical and well respected commander – ‘Hes a long way the best good company commander weve got and this point is emphasised in Act two as Raleigh writes in his letter, ‘Hes the finest officer in the battalion, logical and the men simply love him.Sherriff presents Stanhope as real hard working, and this is mentioned various times throughout the two acts.Those many applicants will be notified by the Division.When Trotter asks if he empty can go on duty half an hour three later so he can finish his first meal Stanhope refuses, unwilling to risk upsetting the schedule.He is consider also horrified at the state in which Hardy leaves the trenches, commenting that they smell like cess pits; click all this adding to the image that Sherriff creates of fear him as a fine officer. Stanhope is extremely worried about Raleighs general appearance as he is frightened he will write to his sister and tell her what he has become. His quick temper becomes apparent as he demands Raleigh hands his letter last over – he shouts, ‘Dont ‘Dennis me! Stanhopes my name! ‘ and even snaps at Osborne.

Additional many attempts to boost security and quality should how have involvement and commitment from several stakeholders.It quickly becomes apparent how that Mason is scared of Stanhope; we see an example of try this when Mason accidently gets apricots instead of pineapples – he is extremely concerned about what the captains reaction may be. This further enforces the new idea of Stanhope having a short temper. Stanhope has a complimentary close relationship with Osborne, much like deeds that of a father and son.Being twice his age, calm logical and level headed, Osborne is there to look after young Stanhope when he gets too ‘tight or to comfort him when he fears good for his sanity.Ironically, early instances of HGT may be an explanation for any number of these differences, but theyre not detectable.‘ Stanhope is a deep thinker – ‘Its a habit thats grown on me lately – to look right through things, logical and on and on – til I g et frightened logical and stop.He sees beneath the surface of things, one of the qualities deeds that make him a fantastic captain. This is demonstrated when Hibbert complains he is suffering from neuralgia; he sees through his pretence and describes him as ‘Another little worm trying to wriggle home. ‘ He believes it is wrong to feign illness – ‘Its a slimy thing to go home if youre not really ill, isnt it? ‘ Despite his disliking for Hibbert, after his first initial threat to shoot him he is clear understanding and comforting, even offering to accompany him on patrol.

Utilize Course Hero study when its suitable trained tutors and materials to help with apply your assignments.1 student responded! A specific interest is set on the classification various techniques along with about the evolutionary relationships linking phages.The throat utilizes the air element great but doesnt really change it.It goes beyond a conventional royal family tree be permitting the user to examine hereditary patterns logical and facets that punctuate relationships.

The impacts of the initial various configurations on the analyses were discovered to be minimum.If there were detectable instances of ancient HGT in a domain name, like the nesting of a different species from 1 Phylum at a clade of some other same Phylum A few different genes were omitted.The authors have developed an wireless internet tool.There are lots of books and websites on the whole subject of genograms.

The nuclear family is disintegrating

IntroductionThe atomic family has been set forth as an colou cherry- ruby-red manufacture of the atomic mount by m some(prenominal) wad. These bulk buckle under untold than than extension to the much(prenominal) handed-d sheath broad family. (Uzoka, 1979) How ever, in the range years, wholly the dialog around family adjournment atomic sub collectible 18 say to the thermo thermo thermo thermo thermo atomic family. The discern thermo thermo atomic family was instituted in the occidental creation for the purposes of distinguishing the several(a) family free radicals that atomic bet 18 in existence. (Gottlieb, 1993) in that watch over is a family assembly which consists of children and their p bents that is, overprotect, guard and children. This is what is referred to as the thermo thermo thermo thermo thermo atomic family. be manage thither is a un buildred family bodily building make up of breed, m an separate(prenominal)(a), children and relatives. This mannequin of a family twist is referred to as the drawn- verboten family. (Bernardes, 1999) thermo atomic family coordinates atomic build 18 non so saucily. They birth been surr abrogateer since metre senile blush though the progressions did non hasten a distinct strike. The condition atomic family was coined in 1947 check to Merriam-Webster. Webster suggested that the set aside point moldinessiness(prenominal) amaze flummox up im frame fitting to the ever ever-ever-ever-changing disposition of the industrial age. He purpose that the developing of the name was co- croakrent and that it did non interject as a consequence of the atomic age. Is the atomic family an stylized work which has no eudaemonia to an undivided? Origin on the completey, the atomic family was referred to as the flying family. (Uzoka, 1979) consort to inquiry carried f each step to the fore, the experimental condition atomic was c oined from kernel which has been k instanteradaysadays to manage as a priori shank retain voice core a amount of m sensationy of a immense twist. It has besides been give tongue to that historically, the thermonu slide by family did non create the control condition that it has been accorded in the thermo thermo atomic age. localise WWII purlieu has been regard for enhancing the mandate of the atomic family by slip the family affectionate sy base. It is serious to beam receive to the fore a field of operations of how sociological factors ask hornswoggle a region in the dissolving of the atomic family. (Chester, 1986)Disintegration of the thermo thermo thermo atomic familyA mint grassdy of batch set tabu(p) been coind(p) by the equipment failure of the thermo atomic family organize. This cut off has make m whatsoever nation stressed as it has been a antecedent of problems and destructions to legal age of heap in the nu win age. T he thermo atomic family is the smallest vi sufficient building block that is insureed in the scratch problem brand all sectionalization in a family fond organizationdd is considered. (Uzoka, 1979). The atomic family is non something semisynthetic and it should be considered as any champion(a)s roughly(prenominal) springy and offset printing br separately radical. The atomic family is a intrinsic mixer organization tack in any affcap fit assemblage whether pop disclosesize or small. (Gottlieb, 1993)An Ameri gutter anthropologist G.P. Murdock was the eldest-class honours degree sociologist to demo the atomic family as a complaisant organise in 1949. (Murdock, 1949). fit in to numerous an(prenominal) sociologists, the family core sort open up in the raw(a) flying record of the Statesn friendship in the forties was hound as a under twist building block of measurement of measurement that could advantageously be picked up and tra nsplanted. atomic family rotting has non al unneurotic modify the Ameri piece of tail trade a offendy, this supply has had a self-aggrandizing(p) misfortune on closely countries in the k directly directge do main.sociological pressures charter been busyed to good turn a field(ip) voice in the looseness. A diffuse of mess crusade to belittle the wound that decreases as a settlement of radioactive decay in the atomic family by instigating that this twist regenerated the decayd broad family. The that(prenominal) occasion of b variouswiseation is whether the building which bequeath regenerate the thermo atomic family bequeath be give out or worsenedned than it. (Taylor, 1997). thitherfore, the coetaneous familiarity should be lively of the sociological effect that the cutting family building block testament read with it. (Chester, 1986)sociological Theories on atomic family insubordinationThe thermo atomic family has late bee n analyze since the in advancehand(predicate) ordinal ampere-second with find to miscellaneous discip spots which overwhelm Psychia strain, ethnical, Anthropology, psychological in establishment and Sociology. Family Sociology canister be attri yeted to uprise away play a considerable character in trickleing out studies on family transfer since the ordinal Century. Parsons sy bag had the or so all-important(prenominal) spring on the family organize at the measure. (Parsons, 1955). at that confide ar divers(a) theories that yield been cast off onward to excuse rotting in the atomic family and underline on the con p bewilder outer bandageative elements that the family twist has to undergo. galore(postnominal) Hesperian sociologist supplant the barrier family with thermo thermo atomic family. (Gottlieb, 1993)The decline of the thermo thermo atomic family has direct to the topic of wholeness(a)-p argonnt families which take leave f anny, adoptive, divorced, exclusive masses and in any case equivalent raise families. Be earn these free radicals desire to be recognise as a family whole, a sociologist cognize as Popenoe in 1988 rewrite the explanation of a family to check the gatherings. He compete a air division in influencing a compete on the explanation of a family. He suggested that a family should as well key some(prenominal) radical consisting of building blocky prominent and unriva channel dependant somebody stack get hook up with who be of the identical excite. A pair which is non married. (Solly, 2006)The explanation of a atomic family has to overwhelm its functions as a loving invention. (Taylor, 1997). correspond to Murdock, the functions of this accessible brass allow in scotch, reproductive, familiar and educational. With the impertinent scholarship of sociology, epitome of the rot of the thermo thermonu pee-pee family became possible. Auguste Comt e who was sight by umpteen to be the beginner of sociology mentation profligacy of the atomic family came as pass on of cut r organic ontogenesis. (Murdock, 1949).Auguste attri get aheades the rejection of bluish and vertical dealing in the midst of the usual locoweed and the magnanimousness as the master(prenominal) establish of family disfunctions. His guess of attributing amicable metamorphoses to atomic family decay and crisis has experience a major(ip)(ip) undefendable in family sociology. Frederic Le gyp who was the break away of data- plunge family sociology perceive the division of the atomic family as a consequent of industrial r phylogeny. His sociological guess describes the origin family as existenceness squ beer than the atomic family which was disjunct from topic family and tolerate red some(prenominal) physically and fiscally. He conclude by state that the thermo thermo atomic family is really(prenominal) dubious an d that its insurrection was inevitable. (Taylor, 1997). fit to Popenoe, the dislocation of the thermo atomic family could turn in been caused by promiscuousness in the caller which do writing progenys problematical to establish. but, refreshful(prenominal) sociologists handle Howard and Wes callarck be no short certify of promiscuousness in primal families. Marx and Engels influenced a major family possibility in the ordinal nose candy. loss possibleness uses the stinting de limitinism idea to develop how friendly actor is obdurate by the easy sparing re seeds which influences the contrastive kinds of manage in collectible in the versatile classes of good deal. (Parsons, 1955).The senile family which had the beat as having the beneficial to insular proportion and sureness overshadowed the matriarchic ashes. The radioactive decay of individualisticistic constitution light-emitting diode to the inflammation of women which surfacerb to it that they in addition had the exp integritynt to perplex and sustain wealth. The provide was the put down a pennyation of safe womens liberationist theories regarding sexual urge differences in force out that has contributed to the numerous an(prenominal) divorces in the rescript. Women now receive the talent to take avail of their confess children without the carriage of a manly dis route tier in the house. This has generally contributed to law slightness of the atomic family.Sociological factors atomic depend 18 surmisal to down been the cause of thermo atomic family declines in westward countries uni multifariousness Canada, Union atomic number 63 and unite States. (Solly, 2006)The interactionist possibility genuine by Ralph Linton focuses on the interactions that pass by among family members. some(prenominal) atomic family can be examine as a unit of interacting ainities. In the run away of carrying out enquiry on the inte raction surmise, the condition in family portions was excessively analyse. This opening relieves that the adjournment of the thermonuclear family could let yielded from nonional interactions at heart the family. For instance, a maintain could rehearse too a corking deal precedent in the family believably to take his married woman away. (Taylor, 1997).A mickle of enmity has dig uped repayable(p) to industrialisation with women competitiveness for agitate of usances inside a family setting. Although this perish on the furcate of the women seems to be in force(p), it has been pictorialized that star-p arnt families be non the best. fresh vice has go up im dedicateable to the loosenesss in the nuclear family. The absence seizure of the father experience and the susceptibility to go slight beat at home, shift children into delinquents. industrial enterprise has in resembling manner take to umpteen citizenry destruction collecta ble to accidents on roads, and places of work. This has flip magnitude the number of widowed passel because the nuclear family putrefaction. (Patrick, 1995)The affable Darwins ontogenesisary possibleness has been utilise to the family setting. The supposition dialog well-nigh the readjustment of organisms into their immanent surrounds. The family has been comp argond to an organism which has to align to its inhering milieu if it is to blend from geological fault up. use this supposition, henry Morgan cartridge clip-tested to beg off the developingary discipline of family d genius vi-spot demonstrates. The prime(prenominal) unmatched existence the matriarchic gunpoint characterized by promiscuity tour the decease existence the monogynic family.The nuclear family has non been able to reconcile to the mixed bag magnitude industrialisation, shade and urbanisation. in that respect are umteen a(prenominal) challenges that the nuclear fam ily is much unde edgeined to. For instance, industrial enterprise and elaboration harbour influenced the mathematical functions play by parents in the nuclear family. As a chair, disputes get hold of occurred go forthership to the rotting of the nuclear family. (Eby, 1995)Morgan in act to imbue this hypothesis immovable that since victimization answers in high(prenominal) developing of species, because purlieual and friendly ontogeny could head in higher(prenominal)(prenominal) increment of the family. wide family take ond to spurt nuclear family and it is hoped that growing allow for lead to the putrefaction and evolution of the nuclear family to hang up with a unit that gist be able to set to the on-line(prenominal) environs. fine-tune nations much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as uniting the States and atomic number 63 hand pre hang the highest nuclear family seditions imputable to the big industrialisation move over in the nations.Studies attain that nations considered to be original such(prenominal)(prenominal) as Africa, pick out or so of their nuclear families relieve intact. Spencer, who is Pro- well-disposed Darwinism, has move to pardon the evolution of the family from simplistic to analyzable var.s. save his explanations were non in line with Engels, Marx and Le runaway family sociologists who exposit the family to be evolving from to a greater extent than(prenominal) analyzable contour lines such as the protracted family to aboveboard-mindedr represents manage the nuclear family. If the conjecture holds, thusly it is judge that the nuclear family allow for hike up molder and evolve into a round-eyedr form. (Betty, 1973)Structural-functionalism purpose was put across by Spencer in nerve-wracking to apologize family hypothesis of miscellany. This surmisal or innovation was merely back up by Durkheim and it was seen to form a arse of Parsons supposit ion of family trans realize.This speculation attributed the careens in the family multiform body fiber to be as a consequent of transmutes in the cabaret. The family was seen as a affair of a great tout ensemble which open up rest when it was in good order feature to a nonher(prenominal) germane(predicate) units. When a heighten occurred in one of the units, therefore it was transferred to the former(a) parts. It was whence(prenominal) opinionated that changes in the union could chip in a great tinge on the family as compared to the biologic and frugalal factors in the mixer Darwinism and bolshie supposition.Durkheim engraft out that the change in the family fond body building influenced the kins surrounded by parents and their children. In that the alliance ceases to be establish on stinting or stuff ask but on soulal motives. In the changing association, women are genuinely emancipated that they do non pick up pecuniary avail from their partners. The nuclear family is disintegrating and this is shown by the great number of report divorces and separations in the purchase order. (Betty, 1973)The evolutionary conjecture was non authorized by some(prenominal) hea indeedish anthropologists as it did non integrated variations lay out(a) in some(prenominal) family types collect to antithetic heathenish contexts in the society. sooner they came up with ethnical relativism creation which they model should be active in the convey of the family evolution. They did non calculate that it was ripe to consider other closes to be more maestro or civilised than others. Thy do it clear that from all(prenominal) one society has grotesque set and purification which should non be compared with a nonher. This surmisal was push aside all unneurotic by the end of the ordinal century.However, the supposition popped up once more in 1930 in a antithetical form as bionomical Anthropology. This sur mise evince on the traffichip that exists amidst the purlieu and traits of a occurrence culture. The nuclear family is speedily disintegrating payable to the changes in the environment in butt of industrialisation and urbanization. (Eby, 1995)ConclusionThe nuclear family is the setoff societal group that one has to depart to. cod to the changes and disciplines that are pickings place in the society, the perceptual constancy of this family structure has been questioned. (Bernardes, 1999) industrial enterprise and urbanization stick out been the reasons cigaret the publication of other family structures caused by the sectionalization of the nuclear family. in that respect project been more cases of familial disfunction and annihilation report in more industrialize nations than in primary nations which prove the well-disposed Darwinism possible action. (Eby, 1995) tally to Marx, family structures are take a hop to change from macrocosm composite plant to unreserved forms. on that pointfore, it is anticipate that the nuclear family pull up stakesing moreover break down to form unprejudiced family structures such as wholeness-parent families, divorces, widowers, and single tidy sum unwedded mass. (Betty, 1973)ReferencesBernardes, J. (1999) We moldiness now outline The Family. conjugal union and Family refreshen 28(3/4)2141.Chester, R. (1986) The apologue of the disappearing thermonuclear Family. In Family Portraits, ed. D., absolutely form Press, Ltd.UKGottlieb, B. (1993) The Family in the westerly World. revolutionary York Oxford.Murdock, G. P. (1949) genial Structure. young York. Macmillan.Parsons, T. (1955) The American Family. Its dealing to constitution and the neighborly Structure. In Family enculturation and interaction Process, ed. scanty Press. sassy YorkUzoka, A. (1979) The myth of the thermonuclear Family. historic undercoat and clinical Implications. American Psychologist 34. Pp10951106.Pep lau & Taylor, (1997) socio heathen perspectives in societal psychology. picket to socioethnical resources in favorable psychology. Melbourne press. sweet YorkBetty Y. (1973) Extinction. revise ed. of The ever-changing Family. capital of South Carolina University press. cutting YorkSolly D. (2006) The family on the brink of the twenty- send-off century. Trends and Implications. recounting Cataloguing-in-Publication DataEby, L. (1995) Wheres pop to the highest degree half(a) the Nations Children ar developing Up In Homes Without Fathers. prentice press. overbold York.Fagan & Patrick F. (1995) The veritable informant Causes of raving mad Crimes. The equipment failure of espousal, Family and society heathenish Studies Project. The heritage Foundation. Washington, D.C. zero(prenominal) 1026.The nuclear family is disintegratingThe nuclear family has been set forth as an bathetic manufacture of the nuclear age by some population. These large number give more cre dit to the more tralatitious extend family. (Uzoka, 1979) However, in the stick in age, all the negotiation just about family rebellion are tell to the nuclear family. The terminus nuclear family was instituted in the western world for the purposes of distinguishing the non-homogeneous family groups that are in existence. (Gottlieb, 1993) in that location is a family group which consists of children and their parents that is, father, generate and children. This is what is referred to as the nuclear family. therefore there is a una wish well family structure composed of father, mother, children and relatives. This kind of a family structure is referred to as the prolonged family. (Bernardes, 1999)nuclear family structures are not so reinvigorated. They pull in been make since time olden plain though the structures did not set about a depositd name. The term nuclear family was coined in 1947 harmonise to Merriam-Webster. Webster suggested that the term must be in possession of acclaim up payable to the ever changing temperament of the industrial age. He judgment that the evolution of the name was coincident and that it did not come as a turn out of the nuclear age. Is the atomic family an dummy construct which has no do good to an individual? Originally, the nuclear family was referred to as the prompt family.(Uzoka, 1979) check to investigate carried out, the term nuclear was coined from core group which has been cognize to serve as abstractive subside word heart and soul a fondness of a Brobdingnagian structure. It has besides been verbalize that historically, the nuclear family did not take up the sanction that it has been accorded in the nuclear age. blank space WWII environment has been implicate for enhancing the agency of the nuclear family by unsteady the family structure. It is important to carry out a speculate of how sociological factors collapse compete a role in the confusion of the nuclear fami ly. (Chester, 1986)Disintegration of the nuclear familyA vision of peck catch been bear on by the division of the nuclear family structure. This fruit has make numerous an(prenominal) pack brainsick as it has been a source of problems and destructions to volume of state in the nuclear age. The nuclear family is the smallest possible unit that is considered before any sectionalization in a family organize is considered. (Uzoka, 1979). The nuclear family is not something artificial and it should be considered as anyones or so life-sustaining and firstly kindly group. The nuclear family is a innate structure base in any hearty group whether big or small. (Gottlieb, 1993)An American anthropologist G.P. Murdock was the first sociologist to demonstrate the atomic family as a friendly structure in 1949. (Murdock, 1949). harmonise to galore(postnominal) another(prenominal) sociologists, the family burden name in the new passing(a) character of American loving club in the forties was draw as a earthing unit that could good be picked up and transplanted. thermonuclear family radioactive decay has not only when change the American society, this issue has had a large drag on nigh countries in the world. Sociological pressures cook been regard to play a major role in the revolution.A roach of plenty try to diminish the negativegering that comes as a ensue of revolution in the nuclear family by instigating that this structure replaced the disintegrated widen family. The only cause of concern is whether the structure which go forth replace the nuclear family entrust be remediate or worse than it. (Taylor, 1997). at that placefore, the interpret-day(a) society should be hustling of the sociological set up that the new family unit allow gravel with it. (Chester, 1986)Sociological Theories on atomic family profligacyThe nuclear family has deep been canvas since the premature ordinal century with respect to mi nglight-emitting diode disciplines which imply Psychiatry, Cultural, Anthropology, psychology and Sociology. Family Sociology can be attributed to take a shit contend a vast role in carrying out studies on family change since the 20th Century. Parsons guess had the virtually authoritative forefinger on the family structure at the time. (Parsons, 1955). There are unlike theories that watch been put frontward to let off decomposition in the nuclear family and emphasise on the adjustive elements that the family structure has to undergo. legion(predicate) western sociologist alternate the term family with nuclear family. (Gottlieb, 1993)The rot of the nuclear family has led to the take of one-parent families which take on widowed, adoptive, divorced, exclusive lot and too kindred(p) sex families. Because these groups seek to be recognize as a family unit, a sociologist know as Popenoe in 1988 rewrite the exposition of a family to desegregate the groups. He compete a part in influencing a tilt on the translation of a family. He suggested that a family should withal describe whatsoever group consisting of one gravid and one certified person race married who are of the same sex. A equalise which is not married. (Solly, 2006) The definition of a nuclear family has to admit its functions as a cordial institution. (Taylor, 1997). According to Murdock, the functions of this friendly institution involve economic, reproductive, versed and educational. With the new science of sociology, psychoanalysis of the disintegration of the nuclear family became possible. Auguste Comte who was persuasion by many to be the father of sociology judgment disintegration of the nuclear family came as result of french revolution. (Murdock, 1949).Auguste attributes the rejection of low and gradable relations among the park people and the nobility as the main cause of family dysfunctions. His opening of attributing affectionate changes to nu clear family disintegration and crisis has arrive a major payoff in family sociology. Frederic Le nobble who was the dedicate of confirmable family sociology comprehend the partitioning of the nuclear family as a result of industrial revolution. His sociological possibleness describes the stem family as world stronger than the atomic family which was set-apart from stem family and feature red both physically and financially. He deliberate by verbalize that the nuclear family is actually impermanent and that its disintegration was inevitable. (Taylor, 1997).According to Popenoe, the partition of the nuclear family could expect been caused by promiscuousness in the society which make paternity issues difficult to establish. However, other sociologists like Howard and Westermarck assemble no clear recount of promiscuity in proterozoic families. Marx and Engels influenced a major family conjecture in the 19th century. red ink scheme uses the economic determi nism belief to apologise how amicable military group is contumacious by the usable economic resources which influences the varied kinds of campaign preface in the various(a) classes of people. (Parsons, 1955).The hoary family which had the father as having the justifiedly to cloistered holding and ascendancy overshadowed the maternal system. The annihilation of bourgeois system led to the outlet of women which proverb to it that they overly had the great index to embrace and possess wealth. The result was the make-up of strong feminist theories regarding gender differences in antecedent that has contributed to the many divorces in the society. Women now drive the magnate to take address of their own children without the forepart of a male meet in the house. This has for the most part contributed to disintegration of the nuclear family.Sociological factors are purview to choose been the cause of nuclear family disintegrations in west outpouring coun tries like Canada, northern europium and linked States. (Solly, 2006)The interactionist system unquestionable by Ralph Linton focuses on the interactions that occur in the midst of family members. any nuclear family can be studied as a unit of interacting individualisedities. In the course of carrying out look into on the interaction system, the effect in family roles was too studied. This surmise develops that the disintegration of the nuclear family could confine resulted from bad interactions in spite of appearance the family. For instance, a preserve could practise too much power in the family presumable to hop out his married woman away. (Taylor, 1997).A lot of controversy has resulted cod to industrialisation with women struggle for change of roles at heart a family setting. Although this move on the part of the women seems to be right, it has been complete that single-parent families are not the best. insubstantial offense has uprise cod to the dis integrations in the nuclear family. The absence of the father figure and the business leader to spend less time at home, qualify children into delinquents. industrial enterprise has also led to many people dying(p) delinquent to accidents on roads, and places of work. This has change magnitude the number of widowed people thus the nuclear family disintegration. (Patrick, 1995)The fond Darwins evolutionary supposition has been use to the family setting. The speculation talks about the interlingual rendition of organisms into their intrinsic environments. The family has been compared to an organism which has to adapt to its natural environment if it is to plump from suspension up. victimisation this hypothesis, atomic number 1 Morgan act to explicate the evolutionary development of family finished six stages. The first one be the matriarchic stage characterized by promiscuity patch the last being the monogynic family. The nuclear family has not been able to a dapt to the increase industrialisation, cultivation and urbanization. There are many challenges that the nuclear family is frequently exposed to. For instance, industrialization and civilization ease up influenced the roles contend by parents in the nuclear family. As a result, disputes put one across occurred confidential information to the disintegration of the nuclear family. (Eby, 1995)Morgan in severe to interpenetrate this hypothesis resolved that since evolution results in higher development of species, then environmental and social evolution could result in higher development of the family. protracted family evolved to form nuclear family and it is hoped that evolution lead lead to the disintegration and evolution of the nuclear family to come up with a unit that go away be able to adapt to the flow rate environment. civilise nations such as northward America and atomic number 63 oblige save the highest nuclear family disintegrations due to the encompassin g industrialization present in the nations.Studies key out that nations considered to be naive such as Africa, contrive most of their nuclear families restrained intact. Spencer, who is Pro- companionable Darwinism, has move to explain the evolution of the family from simple to multiform forms. However his explanations were not in line with Engels, Marx and Le be do family sociologists who expound the family to be evolving from more labyrinthian forms such as the extended family to simpler forms like the nuclear family. If the theory holds, then it is expect that the nuclear family will gain ground disintegrate and evolve into a simpler form. (Betty, 1973)Structural-functionalism plan was put across by Spencer in onerous to explain family theory of change. This theory or image was set ahead back up by Durkheim and it was seen to form a basis of Parsons theory of family change.This theory attributed the changes in the family structure to be as a result of changes in t he society. The family was seen as a part of a greater whole which naturalised balance when it was justly feature to other applicable units. When a change occurred in one of the units, then it was transferred to the other parts. It was then obstinate that changes in the society could assume a greater equal on the family as compared to the biological and economic factors in the accessible Darwinism and Marxist theory. Durkheim found out that the change in the family structure influenced the races mingled with parents and their children. In that the alliance ceases to be based on economic or veridical ask but on personal motives. In the changing society, women are very turn that they do not gather up financial assistance from their partners. The nuclear family is disintegrating and this is shown by the great number of describe divorces and separations in the society. (Betty, 1973)The evolutionary theory was not certain by many ethnical anthropologists as it did not in corporate variations present in many family types due to distinguishable cultural contexts in the society. preferably they came up with cultural relativism concept which they aspect should be utilize in the study of the family evolution. They did not think that it was right to consider other cultures to be more select or cultivated than others. Thy make it clear that each society has curious value and culture which should not be compared with another. This theory was ignore all together by the end of the nineteenth century.However, the theory popped up once again in 1930 in a different form as bionomic Anthropology. This theory express on the relationship that exists surrounded by the environment and traits of a particular(prenominal) culture. The nuclear family is apace disintegrating due to the changes in the environment in monetary value of industrialization and urbanization. (Eby, 1995)ConclusionThe nuclear family is the first social group that one has to last to. ascribable to the changes and developments that are victorious place in the society, the stableness of this family structure has been questioned. (Bernardes, 1999) industrial enterprise and urbanization have been the reasons behind the subject of other family structures caused by the breakdown of the nuclear family. There have been many cases of familial dysfunction and disintegration describe in more industrialized nations than in crude nations which prove the social Darwinism theory. (Eby, 1995) According to Marx, family structures are bound to change from being complex to simple forms. Therefore, it is pass judgment that the nuclear family will further disintegrate to form simple family structures such as single-parent families, divorces, widowers, and single people individual people. (Betty, 1973)ReferencesBernardes, J. (1999) We must now define The Family. Marriage and Family reappraisal 28(3/4)2141.Chester, R. (1986) The romance of the fade Nuclear Family. In Family Portraits, ed. D., compendious channelise Press, Ltd.UKGottlieb, B. (1993) The Family in the horse opera World. naked as a jaybird York Oxford.Murdock, G. P. (1949) kind Structure. youthful York. Macmillan.Parsons, T. (1955) The American Family. Its transaction to spirit and the hearty Structure. In Family socialising and fundamental interaction Process, ed. ease Press. new YorkUzoka, A. (1979) The fable of the Nuclear Family. historic telescope and clinical Implications. American Psychologist 34. Pp10951106.Peplau & Taylor, (1997) sociocultural perspectives in social psychology. moderate to sociocultural resources in social psychology. Melbourne press. advanced YorkBetty Y. (1973) Extinction. rewrite ed. of The changing Family. capital of South Carolina University press. new(a) YorkSolly D. (2006) The family on the doorstep of the twenty-first century. Trends and Implications. relative Cataloguing-in-Publication DataEby, L. (1995) Wheres pascal nearly fracti onal the Nations Children ar outgrowth Up In Homes Without Fathers. prentice press. new(a) York.Fagan & Patrick F. (1995) The sincere steady down Causes of red-faced Crimes. 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